Development of Molecular Imaging Smart Probes Based Technologies for High-Resolution Images of Prostate Cancer in MRI
Development of Molecular Imaging Smart Probes Based Technologies for High Resoluted Images of Prostate Cancer in MRIJebasingh Bhagavathsingh,
1* Divya Rajendran,
1 Sundar Manoharan,
2 Jannet Vennila,
3 Nagabhushan Vellala,
41Department of Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, INDIA
2Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Satyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, INDIA
3Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore-641114, INDIA
4Department of Biochemistry, Microbiological Laboratories Research Service (P) Ltd., R. S. Puram, Coimbatore, INDIA
Email:
[email protected] Abstract:
Currently much attention has been devoted to the image quality emerging from any of the imaging modalities such as MRI, PET, SPECT, Optical Imaging, etc., There are two major approaches to achieve the high-resolution images from the existing imaging modalities such as i) by tuning the hardware parameters like magnetic field strength, signal-to-noise ratio, matrix size, field of view, etc., and/or ii) by using smart or responsive probe as an imaging agent for the
in-vivo imaging of biochemical or physiological abnormalities as the origin of the diseases.
1 It is well-known that much of
in-vivo experiments were unsuccessful after the successful standardization of
in-vitro experiments due to the competitive
in-vivo targets and/or administration of non-specific imaging agents.
2 Therefore, molecular imaging probe allows earlier with more personalized diagnosis and also facilitates to understand their molecular factors underlying pathological process using the smart behavior of imaging agents. Smart or responsive probe often provides well-resolution images from MRI detectable responses depending on the specific parameter such as pH, the concentration of ions or metabolites, temperature, enzyme sensitive, etc., at the molecular or cellular level.
3 The multimeric paramagnetic chelates have proven with promising results in diagnosis, risk stratification, localization and staging of clinically significant prostate cancer. Herein we report the development of sugar capped biphenolic systems as enzyme sensitive smart probes and its Gd(III) chelates for high-resolution MRI applications. The sugar capped dopamine intermediate is synthesized by the glycosylation of protected dopamine using acetobromogalactose. The as-prepared intermediate is reacted with DOTA-Monoamide moiety for the paramagnetic metal ions chelation. Upon the removal of protecting groups, the high polar compound was purified by flash chromatography followed by the complexation with lanthanides. Upon the cleavage of the sugar moieties by the enzyme
β-galactosidase, the relaxivity is significantly enhanced due to the formation of macromolecular adducts with the metal centers during the self-assembly process. The aggregation of Gd(III) based imaging agents provides the high-resolution MR Images at the conventional MRI (1.5 Tesla).
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